基于三层架构的C#网络配置管理系统（IP修改与XML持久化）

一、系统架构设计

graph TD
    A[UI层] -->|调用BLL方法| B(BLL业务逻辑层)
    B -->|调用DAL方法| C(DAL数据访问层)
    C -->|读写XML配置| D[XML配置文件]
    B -->|调用系统API| E[网络适配器管理]

二、分层实现

1. Model层（实体类）

// NetworkConfig.cs
namespace Model
{
    public class NetworkConfig
    {
        public string AdapterName { get; set; }  // 网卡名称
        public string IPAddress { get; set; }     // IP地址
        public string SubnetMask { get; set; }    // 子网掩码
        public string Gateway { get; set; }       // 网关
        public bool IsDHCP { get; set; }          // 是否启用DHCP
    }
}

2. DAL层（数据访问）

// NetworkConfigDAL.cs
using System.Xml.Linq;
using Model;

namespace DAL
{
    public class NetworkConfigDAL
    {
        private const string ConfigPath = "network_config.xml";

        // 读取配置
        public List<NetworkConfig> GetConfigs()
        {
            if (!System.IO.File.Exists(ConfigPath))
                return new List<NetworkConfig>();

            var xml = XDocument.Load(ConfigPath);
            return xml.Descendants("Network")
                       .Select(x => new NetworkConfig
                       {
                           AdapterName = x.Element("AdapterName")?.Value,
                           IPAddress = x.Element("IPAddress")?.Value,
                           SubnetMask = x.Element("SubnetMask")?.Value,
                           Gateway = x.Element("Gateway")?.Value,
                           IsDHCP = (bool?)x.Element("IsDHCP") ?? false
                       }).ToList();
        }

        // 保存配置
        public void SaveConfig(NetworkConfig config)
        {
            var xml = new XDocument(
                new XElement("NetworkConfigs",
                    new XElement("Network",
                        new XElement("AdapterName", config.AdapterName),
                        new XElement("IPAddress", config.IPAddress),
                        new XElement("SubnetMask", config.SubnetMask),
                        new XElement("Gateway", config.Gateway),
                        new XElement("IsDHCP", config.IsDHCP)
                    )
                )
            );
            xml.Save(ConfigPath);
        }
    }
}

3. BLL层（业务逻辑）

// NetworkConfigBLL.cs
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using DAL;
using Model;

namespace BLL
{
    public class NetworkConfigBLL
    {
        private readonly NetworkConfigDAL _dal = new NetworkConfigDAL();

        // 加载配置
        public List<NetworkConfig> LoadConfigs()
        {
            return _dal.GetConfigs();
        }

        // 应用配置到网卡
        public bool ApplyConfig(NetworkConfig config)
        {
            var adapter = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces()
                .FirstOrDefault(ni => ni.Name.Equals(config.AdapterName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));

            if (adapter == null) return false;

            // 禁用DHCP
            if (!config.IsDHCP)
            {
                var managementClass = new ManagementClass("Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration");
                var instances = managementClass.GetInstances();
                foreach (ManagementObject instance in instances)
                {
                    if (instance["SettingID"].ToString() == adapter.Id)
                    {
                        instance.InvokeMethod("EnableDHCP", null); // 关闭DHCP
                        instance.InvokeMethod("SetGateways", new object[] { new string[] { config.Gateway } });
                        instance.InvokeMethod("EnableStatic", new object[] { new string[] { config.IPAddress }, new string[] { config.SubnetMask } });
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
}

4. UI层（界面交互）

// MainForm.cs
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using BLL;
using Model;

namespace UI
{
    public partial class MainForm : Form
    {
        private readonly NetworkConfigBLL _bll = new NetworkConfigBLL();

        public MainForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            LoadNetworkConfigs();
        }

        // 加载配置列表
        private void LoadNetworkConfigs()
        {
            var configs = _bll.LoadConfigs();
            lstConfigs.Items.Clear();
            foreach (var config in configs)
            {
                lstConfigs.Items.Add($"{config.AdapterName} - {(config.IsDHCP ? "DHCP" : "静态IP")}");
            }
        }

        // 修改IP并保存
        private void btnSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var config = new NetworkConfig
            {
                AdapterName = txtAdapterName.Text,
                IPAddress = txtIP.Text,
                SubnetMask = txtSubnet.Text,
                Gateway = txtGateway.Text,
                IsDHCP = chkDHCP.Checked
            };

            if (_bll.ApplyConfig(config))
            {
                MessageBox.Show("配置已保存并应用！");
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("网卡未找到或配置失败！");
            }
        }
    }
}

三、XML配置文件示例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<NetworkConfigs>
  <Network>
    <AdapterName>以太网</AdapterName>
    <IPAddress>192.168.1.100</IPAddress>
    <SubnetMask>255.255.255.0</SubnetMask>
    <Gateway>192.168.1.1</Gateway>
    <IsDHCP>false</IsDHCP>
  </Network>
</NetworkConfigs>

四、关键功能实现

1. 网卡枚举与选择

// 获取所有网卡名称
var adapters = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces()
    .Where(ni => ni.OperationalStatus == OperationalStatus.Up)
    .Select(ni => ni.Name)
    .ToList();

2. IP地址合法性验证

// 验证IPv4地址格式
public static bool IsValidIP(string ip)
{
    return IPAddress.TryParse(ip, out IPAddress addr) && addr.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork;
}

3. 自动获取当前IP（备用方案）

// 自动检测当前IP配置
public NetworkConfig GetCurrentConfig()
{
    var adapter = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces()
        .FirstOrDefault(ni => ni.OperationalStatus == OperationalStatus.Up);

    if (adapter != null)
    {
        var ipProps = adapter.GetIPProperties();
        return new NetworkConfig
        {
            AdapterName = adapter.Name,
            IPAddress = ipProps.UnicastAddresses
                .FirstOrDefault(a => a.Address.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)?.Address.ToString(),
            SubnetMask = ipProps.UnicastAddresses
                .FirstOrDefault(a => a.Address.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)?.GetAddressBytes()
                .Take(4).Aggregate("", (s, b) => s + $"{b:X2}.").TrimEnd('.'),
            Gateway = ipProps.GatewayAddresses.FirstOrDefault()?.Address.ToString(),
            IsDHCP = ipProps.DnsSuffix != null
        };
    }
    return null;
}

五、异常处理与权限

管理员权限声明

在app.manifest中添加：

<requestedExecutionLevel level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false" />

异常捕获

try
{
    // 网络配置操作
}
catch (ManagementException ex)
{
    MessageBox.Show($"WMI操作失败: {ex.Message}");
}
catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)
{
    MessageBox.Show("需要管理员权限！");
}

参考代码 IP设置工具（三层构架） www.youwenfan.com/contentcnr/37551.html

六、扩展功能

批量配置多网卡

public void BatchApplyConfigs(List<NetworkConfig> configs)
{
    foreach (var config in configs)
    {
        ApplyConfig(config);
    }
}

配置模板导入导出

// 从文件加载配置
public List<NetworkConfig> ImportConfigs(string filePath) => _dal.GetConfigs(filePath);

// 导出配置到文件
public void ExportConfigs(List<NetworkConfig> configs, string filePath)
{
    var xml = new XDocument(new XElement("NetworkConfigs", configs.Select(c => 
        new XElement("Network", 
            new XElement("AdapterName", c.AdapterName),
            new XElement("IPAddress", c.IPAddress),
            new XElement("SubnetMask", c.SubnetMask),
            new XElement("Gateway", c.Gateway),
            new XElement("IsDHCP", c.IsDHCP)))));
    xml.Save(filePath);
}

七、测试用例

场景	输入	预期结果
修改静态IP	AdapterName=以太网, IP=192.168.1.100	网卡IP成功修改，XML记录更新
启用DHCP	AdapterName=无线网卡, IsDHCP=true	网卡获取动态IP，XML中DHCP标记为true
加载配置文件	读取network_config.xml	显示历史配置列表

八、总结

本方案通过三层架构实现网络配置的解耦管理：

UI层：提供用户交互界面
BLL层：封装业务逻辑（如IP合法性校验、配置应用）
DAL层：负责XML持久化操作
Model层：定义数据实体结构

优势包括：

可维护性：各层职责清晰，便于单独修改
扩展性：支持批量配置、模板导入等扩展功能
健壮性：异常处理机制保障操作安全